Grip Strength and Its Relationship to Physical Activity Level Among Elderly Residents in Dutse, Jigawa State

Muscle strength decline in older adults is a recognised predictor of functional disability and mortality, and its assessment is particularly relevant in resource-constrained settings. This study measured grip strength and examined its relationship with physical activity level among elderly residents aged 60 years and above in Dutse, Jigawa State, North West Nigeria. One hundred elderly individuals were recruited through community health workers using purposive sampling. Handgrip strength was measured using a calibrated Jamar dynamometer, with three readings taken from each hand and the mean recorded. Physical activity level was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form. Anthropometric data including weight, height, and body mass index were also collected. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression were applied in the analysis. Results indicated that mean grip strength was significantly lower in female participants and increased with reported physical activity levels. Older age, higher body mass index, and low physical activity were independent predictors of reduced grip strength. Participants engaged in regular agricultural or household activities had higher grip strength scores. The study concludes that physical activity is a significant modifiable determinant of muscular strength in the elderly of Jigawa State. Community-based exercise promotion programmes targeting older adults are recommended as a public health priority. Keywords: grip strength, physical activity, elderly, sarcopenia, Jigawa State.