Investigation of Thermoelectric Power Generation Using Waste Heat from Generators in Rural Markets in Oyo State

Background: Petrol generators are widely used in Nigerian rural markets, generating large quantities of waste heat that is currently unused. Thermoelectric generators offer a means of converting this waste heat directly into electricity for low-power applications. Aim: This study investigated thermoelectric power generation using exhaust waste heat from petrol generators in rural markets in Oyo State, South West Nigeria. Methods: Three TEG-12706 thermoelectric modules were mounted on the exhaust manifold of a 2.2kVA generator in a thermally conductive array with finned heat sink cooling on the cold side. Open circuit voltage, short circuit current, and maximum power output were measured across a range of temperature differentials from 30 to 120 degrees Celsius. Results: Maximum power output of 14.3 W was achieved at a temperature differential of 112 degrees Celsius. At typical generator operating conditions, a differential of 85 to 95 degrees Celsius was sustained, yielding 8 to 11 W continuously. The recovered power was sufficient to charge mobile devices and power LED lighting. Conclusion: Thermoelectric generators are viable for small-scale waste heat recovery from rural generator exhausts. Optimised module configurations and low-cost heat exchanger designs could further improve conversion efficiency. Keywords: thermoelectric generator, waste heat recovery, generators, Oyo State, energy harvesting.