Prevalence and Pattern of Comorbid Mental and Physical Disorders Among Primary Care Patients in Jos, Plateau State

Background: Comorbid mental and physical disorders are common in primary care populations and are associated with worse health outcomes, greater disability, and higher healthcare utilisation. The pattern of this comorbidity in the North Central geopolitical zone of Nigeria is poorly characterised. This study determines the prevalence and pattern of comorbid mental and physical disorders among adult primary care patients in Jos, Plateau State. Methods: A cross-sectional analytic study enrolled 380 adult patients attending the family medicine outpatient unit at Jos University Teaching Hospital using systematic sampling. The Patient Health Questionnaire and Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale assessed mental health, while physical diagnoses were confirmed from clinical records. Logistic regression identified factors associated with mental-physical comorbidity. Results: The prevalence of mental-physical comorbidity was substantial. Depression was the most common mental disorder comorbid with hypertension and chronic pain conditions. Female sex, lower socioeconomic status, and chronic pain were independent predictors. Comorbid patients received significantly longer consultations and expressed lower satisfaction with care. Conclusion: The high burden of mental-physical comorbidity in Jos primary care demands integrated care models that simultaneously address both disease categories. Family medicine practitioners should routinely screen for depression and anxiety in patients presenting with chronic physical conditions. Keywords: comorbidity, mental disorders, primary care, Jos, Plateau State