Public Budgeting and Financial Management in Cross River State Government

This study examines the processes and challenges of public budgeting and financial management in Cross River State Government, located in Nigeria's South South geopolitical zone. Sound public financial management is widely regarded as a prerequisite for effective governance and sustainable development, yet many Nigerian states continue to grapple with budget implementation deficits, revenue leakages, and expenditure inefficiencies. The study employs a survey design, collecting data from 220 budget officers, accountants, and planning officials in the State Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Budget and Economic Planning. Both primary and secondary data, including audited financial statements from 2020 to 2024, are analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The Public Choice Theory provides the analytical lens, examining how political incentives shape budgetary decisions. Findings reveal persistent gaps between budget proposals and actual expenditure, driven by unrealistic revenue projections, late passage of appropriation bills, and poor treasury management practices. The study also identifies weak legislative oversight of the budget process as a structural constraint. Recommendations include the adoption of medium-term expenditure frameworks, the establishment of an independent budget office, and the implementation of integrated financial management information systems. This study contributes to the discourse on fiscal governance in Nigeria's oil-rich South South states. Keywords: public budgeting, financial management, Cross River State, fiscal governance, expenditure.