Socio-Cultural Determinants of Physical Activity Among Married Women in Kaduna State

Socio-cultural factors profoundly shape physical activity participation opportunities and norms for women in Northern Nigeria, yet their specific influence on married women's activity patterns in Kaduna State has not been rigorously examined. This study investigates socio-cultural determinants of physical activity among married women of reproductive age in both urban and rural communities in Kaduna State, North West Nigeria. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was adopted. In the quantitative phase, 360 married women completed the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire alongside a socio-cultural determinants scale developed through review of literature and expert consultation. In the qualitative phase, six focus group discussions with 48 women explored determinant mechanisms in depth. Multiple regression analysis identified significant socio-cultural predictors of physical activity. Findings reveal that spousal approval of physical activity, religious community norms regarding women's public physical presence, cultural gender role expectations, and purdah practice are the strongest socio-cultural predictors of physical activity behaviour. Urban women demonstrate higher physical activity levels than rural counterparts, partially mediated by greater spousal education and employment. Religious and cultural values are not uniformly restrictive, with community-endorsed physical activities such as walking for religious purposes and domestic physical labour being widely accepted. Recommendations include spousal physical activity education programmes, faith-community engagement for women's health promotion, and development of culturally appropriate community physical activity options for women. Keywords: socio-cultural determinants, physical activity, married women, Kaduna State, mixed-methods