Socioeconomic Analysis of Goat Production Among Rural Households in Borno State, North East Nigeria

Small ruminant production, particularly goat keeping, plays a significant role in the livelihood systems of rural households in the North East geopolitical zone of Nigeria. In Borno State, goat production provides a liquid asset base, nutritional support, and cultural value for farming families operating under conditions of prolonged conflict and climate stress. This study conducted a socioeconomic analysis of goat production among rural households in Borno State. A structured survey of 88 households from four local government areas was carried out during a period of relative security in the sampled communities. Data collected covered flock size, management systems, feed sources, mortality rates, marketing practices, and income contributions. Descriptive statistics and enterprise budget analysis were applied. Results revealed that goat production contributed an average of 18 percent of total household income, rising to over 30 percent for the poorest quartile of households. Traditional extensive management systems prevailed, with limited use of veterinary services contributing to high kid mortality rates of approximately 28 percent. Market access was constrained by insecurity, poor road conditions, and limited buyer presence in rural areas. The study recommends strengthening community animal health worker networks and improving veterinary drug supply chains in Borno State. Conflict-sensitive market development programming is also critical for improving goat enterprise profitability. Keywords: goat production, rural households, Borno State, small ruminants, livelihoods.