Structural Mapping of Faults and Fractures in the Benue Trough, Nasarawa State

The Benue Trough is one of Nigeria's most structurally complex sedimentary basins, characterised by a network of normal faults, reverse faults, and associated fracture systems developed during multiple phases of tectonic activity. This study presents a structural mapping exercise focused on exposed fault zones and fracture networks within selected outcrops in Nasarawa State, North Central Nigeria. Field mapping was conducted using compass-clinometer measurements of fault planes, slickenside orientations, and fracture sets, complemented by remote sensing interpretation of Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 imagery to delineate lineaments at the regional scale. Rose diagrams and stereonet plots were constructed to analyse fracture orientation patterns and infer principal stress directions during basin formation. Documented fault kinematics are compared against published tectonic models for the Mid-Benue Trough to establish local structural chronology. The relationship between fracture intensity and lithological variation is evaluated, as carbonate units and shales commonly exhibit contrasting mechanical responses to tectonic stress. Understanding the geometry and kinematics of these structures has direct implications for groundwater circulation, mineral vein emplacement, and hydrocarbon migration. Results of this study are expected to supplement the regional structural database and provide undergraduate-level field training outcomes applicable to further basin analysis research. Keywords: structural geology, Benue Trough, fault mapping, fracture analysis, Nasarawa.