Study of Atmospheric Electrical Parameters and Lightning Activity in Maiduguri, Borno State

Background: Lightning is a significant natural hazard in the Sahelian fringe of North East Nigeria, causing deaths, infrastructure damage, and disruption to telecommunications and electrical systems. Characterisation of local atmospheric electrical parameters informs lightning protection design. Aim: This study investigated atmospheric electrical parameters and seasonal lightning activity patterns in Maiduguri, Borno State. Methods: Atmospheric electric field data were recorded using an electrostatic field mill over two rainy seasons. Lightning event data were obtained from the NASA Lightning Imaging Sensor and the World Wide Lightning Location Network. Statistical analysis related field mill readings to convective cloud development using concurrent radiosonde data. Results: A total of 412 lightning events were recorded over the two-season study period, predominantly between April and September. Peak electric field strengths of 8.4 kV/m were recorded 15 to 25 minutes before lightning strikes. Morning convective instability was the dominant triggering mechanism. Conclusion: Lightning activity in Maiduguri is seasonal and predictable, with electric field monitoring offering potential for short-lead-time warning systems. The study supports development of a localised lightning nowcasting capability for protection of critical infrastructure in Borno State. Keywords: lightning, atmospheric electricity, Maiduguri, electric field, hazard monitoring.