Utilisation of Prenatal Genetic Testing Services Among Pregnant Women in Adamawa State: Barriers and Facilitators

Prenatal genetic testing, including amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, and cell-free foetal DNA analysis, offers pregnant women and families critical information about foetal genetic conditions. However, utilisation of these services in North East Nigeria is believed to be extremely low. This study examined the extent of prenatal genetic testing utilisation and identified barriers and facilitating factors among pregnant women in Adamawa State. A mixed-methods cross-sectional study enrolled 400 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics at three hospitals across Yola, Mubi, and Ganye. A structured questionnaire assessed prior knowledge of prenatal genetic testing, utilisation history, and perceived barriers. Eight focus group discussions were conducted to explore deeper attitudinal and sociocultural influences. Less than three percent of respondents had ever accessed any form of prenatal genetic testing. Major barriers included low awareness, high cost, lack of locally available services, religious concerns about termination of affected pregnancies, and healthcare provider-level counselling deficiencies. Education level and urban residence were significant facilitators. These findings inform the design of demand-side interventions to increase equitable utilisation of prenatal genetic services in Adamawa State and the broader North East zone. Keywords: prenatal genetic testing, barriers, pregnant women, Adamawa State, North East Nigeria