Utilization of Non-Timber Forest Products by Communities in Akwa Ibom State Forest Zones

Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are integral to the livelihoods of forest-adjacent communities in Nigeria, providing food, medicine, materials, and income. This study examines the types, economic value, and sustainability of NTFP utilization by communities in three forest zones of Akwa Ibom State, within Nigeria's South South geopolitical zone. A total of 180 households across six communities were surveyed using structured questionnaires, with additional data from market surveys of NTFP trade conducted in Uyo and Ikot Ekpene. Products documented include wild fruits, palm wine, cane, medicinal bark, honey, mushrooms, and several wildlife-derived products. Economic valuation estimates the annual household income contribution from NTFPs at an average of N48,000, representing approximately 22 percent of total household income for forest-dependent families. Sustainability assessments, based on comparison of current harvest rates with estimated regeneration capacity, indicate that five key NTFP species are being harvested at unsustainable levels. Women constitute the majority of NTFP collectors and traders, yet are largely excluded from forest governance structures. The study recommends the development of NTFP management plans co-designed with community members, recognition of women's rights in forest governance, and support for community value-addition enterprises to increase NTFP income. These findings are relevant to Akwa Ibom State Forestry Commission policy. Keywords: non-timber forest products, NTFPs, community livelihoods, Akwa Ibom State, South South Nigeria