Plasma Zinc and Copper Levels in HIV-Positive Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Gombe State

Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly of zinc and copper, are common in HIV-infected individuals and may be exacerbated by antiretroviral therapy. This study measures plasma zinc and copper levels in HIV-positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at an HIV treatment facility in Gombe State, North East Nigeria. A cross-sectional design was adopted, recruiting 120 HIV-positive patients on first-line antiretroviral regimens and 60 HIV-negative healthy controls. Plasma trace elements were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. CD4 lymphocyte counts, viral load where available, duration of antiretroviral therapy, and clinical staging were documented. Body mass index, dietary diversity scores, and history of opportunistic infections were also recorded. The study aims to determine whether antiretroviral therapy modifies the trace element profile of HIV-infected individuals and whether abnormalities in zinc and copper correlate with immunological markers such as CD4 count. Findings will contribute to understanding the nutritional biochemistry of HIV-positive patients in the North East zone and will support the integration of trace element supplementation into HIV care protocols. Keywords: plasma zinc, copper, HIV, antiretroviral therapy, Gombe State.