Serum Immunoglobulin Levels and Immune Function in Malnourished Children in Zamfara State

Protein-energy malnutrition impairs immune function by reducing immunoglobulin synthesis and cellular immunity, predisposing children to recurrent infections. This study evaluates serum immunoglobulin levels, specifically IgG, IgA, and IgM, in malnourished children aged 1 to 5 years admitted to a paediatric ward in Zamfara State, North West Nigeria. A case-control design was used, with 100 malnourished children diagnosed using weight-for-height z-scores and 100 adequately nourished children of similar ages as controls. Serum immunoglobulins were measured using radial immunodiffusion. Complementary tests included total serum protein, albumin, and full blood count. Clinical history of recurrent infections, recent vaccination records, and dietary history were also documented. The study aims to establish whether malnourished children in this region exhibit measurable immunoglobulin deficits compared to well-nourished peers and to determine whether the degree of malnutrition correlates with the severity of immunoglobulin depletion. Findings will contribute to the evidence base for nutritional rehabilitation programmes targeting immune reconstitution in malnourished children in North West Nigeria. Keywords: serum immunoglobulins, malnutrition, immune function, paediatric, Zamfara State.