Waterbird Abundance and Distribution at Oguta Lake, Imo State

Oguta Lake in Imo State, located within Nigeria's South East geopolitical zone, is a freshwater lake of considerable ecological and cultural significance, supporting diverse aquatic and waterbird communities. Despite its potential as a biodiversity resource and ecotourism asset, systematic ornithological surveys of the lake are lacking. This study presents the results of a structured waterbird survey conducted across eight monitoring stations around the lake over a three-month period spanning the early dry season. Point count and scan sampling methods were employed, with species identification supported by photographic documentation. A total of 62 waterbird species were recorded from 18 families, with herons, egrets, kingfishers, and jacanas being the most numerically dominant groups. Species diversity was highest on the lake's quieter northwestern fringe, where human disturbance from fishing and sand dredging activities is relatively low. The study identifies sand dredging, uncontrolled artisanal fishing, and riparian vegetation clearance as the primary threats to waterbird habitat quality at the site. An estimated 15 percent decline in wading bird numbers was noted through comparison with legacy observation records from local birdwatching groups. The study recommends the designation of a protected shoreline zone, restrictions on sand dredging within critical nesting areas, and the development of a community bird monitoring network with Imo State Ministry of Environment support. Keywords: waterbirds, Oguta Lake, avian survey, South East Nigeria, freshwater ecology