Ecotourism and Community Livelihoods Around Finima Nature Park, Rivers State

Finima Nature Park in Bonny Local Government Area, Rivers State, within Nigeria's South South geopolitical zone, represents a notable example of corporate-supported conservation linked to the Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) facility. The park was established with environmental offset objectives and has since attracted ecotourism interest due to its mangrove ecosystems and diverse birdlife. This study examines the relationship between ecotourism activities in the park and the livelihoods of adjacent fishing communities on Bonny Island. Data were collected through household surveys of 160 community members, key informant interviews with park management staff, and a review of NLNG community development program records. Variables assessed include household income, employment in park-related activities, perceived environmental benefits, and awareness of conservation regulations. Results indicate that ecotourism employment at the park benefits a small but growing proportion of the local population, primarily as guides, boat operators, and food vendors. However, most households continue to depend primarily on artisanal fishing, with limited awareness of formal ecotourism career pathways. Environmental perceptions of the park are broadly positive, with residents recognizing improvements in mangrove health since the park's establishment. The study recommends expanding community livelihood programs linked to park services, formalizing employment recruitment from adjacent communities, and developing a visitor interpretation program that highlights community conservation contributions. Keywords: ecotourism, community livelihoods, Finima Nature Park, South South Nigeria, mangrove conservation