Evaluating Wildlife Tourism Revenue and Conservation Financing Models in Bauchi State

Wildlife tourism is a recognized financing mechanism for protected area management, yet its potential remains largely unrealized in many Nigerian states due to inadequate infrastructure, low visitor numbers, and inefficient revenue management systems. This study evaluates the revenue performance of wildlife tourism in Bauchi State, with a particular focus on Yankari Game Reserve, located in Nigeria's North East geopolitical zone. Secondary data on annual visitor statistics, gate revenue, and government budget allocations were obtained from the Bauchi State Ministry of Environment and the Yankari Game Reserve management authority covering the period 2018 to 2023. These data were analyzed alongside primary data gathered through interviews with tourism industry stakeholders, accommodation providers, and park management officials. Results indicate that annual gate revenue fell consistently below operational expenditure requirements throughout the study period, with the financing gap estimated at approximately 43 percent of baseline management needs. Visitor numbers declined sharply between 2020 and 2021, primarily due to COVID-19 restrictions, and recovery has been partial. Ancillary revenue streams including accommodation fees, vehicle hire, and guided activities contribute less than 30 percent of total park revenue. The study proposes a diversified conservation financing strategy incorporating corporate conservation pledges, carbon credit development on park lands, and an endowment fund model. Partnerships with Nigerian private conservation organizations are recommended as a supplementary financing approach. Keywords: wildlife tourism revenue, conservation finance, Yankari Game Reserve, North East Nigeria, protected area management