Resource-Based View and Sustained Competitive Advantage of Cement Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria

This research applies the resource-based view framework to examine how internal resources and capabilities drive sustained competitive advantage among cement manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The cement industry has experienced significant capacity expansion and rivalry over the past five years, with major players including firms in the South West and North Central zones intensifying production and distribution. The study adopts a descriptive research design using secondary and primary data from six major cement manufacturers. Financial analysts and strategy managers were interviewed, and published sustainability and corporate performance reports were reviewed. Data from fiscal years 2020 to 2024 were analyzed using qualitative content analysis and comparative ratio analysis. Findings indicate that firms possessing superior distribution networks, proprietary raw material quarry rights, and advanced kiln technology demonstrate the most durable competitive advantages. Brand reputation and strategic workforce capabilities also contribute significantly to market leadership. The study finds that intangible resources, including customer trust and logistical relationships, are more difficult for competitors to replicate and thus provide stronger sustainable advantages than physical assets alone. The research concludes that Nigerian cement firms should invest strategically in building and protecting unique internal capabilities to maintain long-term competitiveness. Keywords: resource-based view, competitive advantage, cement manufacturing, Nigeria, organizational capabilities.