Political Marginalisation and Ethnic Minority Grievances in Ebonyi State: Implications for Governance (2019-2024)

This study examines the dynamics of political marginalisation among ethnic minority groups in Ebonyi State and the implications for inclusive governance between 2019 and 2024. Ebonyi State, established in 1996, encompasses communities with distinct ethnic identities that have frequently contested the distribution of political offices and development resources. The study is anchored on the Theory of Political Marginalisation, as developed by Claude Ake, which holds that persistent exclusion of minority communities from political decision-making processes generates structural grievances that undermine state legitimacy. A qualitative research design was employed, combining in-depth interviews with twelve key informants drawn from minority community leaders, state assembly members, civil society organisations, and academic researchers. Documentary analysis of Ebonyi State government appointments, project allocations, and legislative composition data was also conducted. Findings reveal significant disparities in the distribution of political appointments and development projects between the dominant Izzi, Edda, and Effium groups and smaller minority communities such as the Ezza and Ikwo, who are perceived to exercise disproportionate political influence. The study also finds that the absence of a formalised power rotation arrangement among the three senatorial zones of Ebonyi State has deepened perceptions of marginalisation. It is concluded that political marginalisation poses a real threat to governance cohesion in Ebonyi State. The study recommends an inclusive zoning policy, transparent appointment criteria, and a formal minority political representation framework.

Keywords: Political marginalisation, ethnic minority, Ebonyi State, inclusive governance, minority rights