Analysis of Mental Health Outcomes of Regular Physical Activity Among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in Abuja

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with elevated rates of depression, anxiety, and diminished quality of life, and physical activity is increasingly recognised as a modifiable factor with potential to improve mental health outcomes in this population. This study analyses mental health outcomes of regular physical activity among adults with type 2 diabetes attending outpatient clinics in Abuja, Federal Capital Territory. A longitudinal observational design was employed, with 180 adults with confirmed type 2 diabetes followed over six months. Physical activity was assessed at baseline, three months, and six months using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Mental health was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depression, the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale, and the Diabetes Distress Scale. Glycaemic control was assessed through HbA1c measurements. Mixed-effects regression examined the relationship between physical activity trajectories and mental health outcomes over time. Findings reveal that sustained moderate physical activity over six months is significantly associated with reduced depression and anxiety scores and lower diabetes distress, after controlling for pharmacological management and sociodemographic variables. Participants meeting WHO physical activity guidelines demonstrate significantly greater mental health improvements compared to insufficiently active counterparts. Improved glycaemic control partially mediates the relationship between physical activity and mental health. Recommendations include integrating physical activity counselling into routine diabetes management protocols and training clinic health educators in exercise prescription. Keywords: physical activity, mental health, type 2 diabetes, Abuja, longitudinal study