Analytical Assessment of Hydrogen Blending in Natural Gas Networks: Applicability and Challenges for Nigeria

Hydrogen blending in natural gas networks is emerging globally as a strategy for decarbonising gas supply systems, yet its technical applicability and commercial viability in the Nigerian context remain analytically unexplored. This study conducts an analytical assessment of the potential for hydrogen blending in Nigerian natural gas distribution networks, drawing on international pilot programme data, Nigerian network technical specifications, and end-use appliance compatibility assessments. The research employs a systems analysis methodology combining pipeline material compatibility evaluation, gas quality impact modelling, combustion performance simulation for key end-use appliances, and safety consequence assessment. The study analyses the technical constraints on hydrogen blend levels in Nigeria's predominantly carbon steel gas distribution networks, gas metering systems, and industrial and domestic appliances, benchmarking against European hydrogen blending experience from the HyDeploy and GHRYD projects. A particular gap addressed is the absence of Nigerian appliance and network compatibility data, necessitating a conservative extrapolation approach grounded in comparative international studies. Findings indicate that blend levels of up to 5 percent hydrogen by volume are technically compatible with most Nigerian gas network materials and appliances without modification, while blends above 10 percent would require phased network component upgrades and appliance review. Economic analysis shows that hydrogen blending at 5 percent blend is cost-competitive only at hydrogen production costs below 2.5 USD per kilogram. Recommendations include a domestic hydrogen-natural gas blend pilot project on an isolated distribution network segment, development of Nigerian hydrogen-gas appliance testing standards, and integration of hydrogen blending provisions into the forthcoming national hydrogen strategy. Keywords: hydrogen blending, natural gas networks, decarbonisation, Nigeria, gas appliances.