Analytical Framework for Assessing Carbon Capture and Storage Potential at Nigerian Gas Processing Plants

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology is increasingly discussed as a mitigation option for hard-to-abate emissions from gas processing operations, yet no systematic analytical framework for assessing CCS viability at Nigerian gas processing facilities has been developed. This study addresses that gap by constructing and applying an analytical framework for evaluating CCS potential at Nigerian gas processing plants, integrating technical screening, geological storage assessment, and economic feasibility dimensions. The framework is developed through a structured literature synthesis of international CCS assessment methodologies, adapted for Nigerian regulatory, geological, and commercial conditions, and is applied to three gas processing plants in the Niger Delta as proof-of-concept case studies. Technical screening evaluates CO2 emission stream concentration, volume, and pressure suitability for capture. Geological storage screening utilises available data on sedimentary basin formations in the Niger Delta capable of hosting CO2 injection, drawing on the Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) geological database. Economic assessment models capture capital and operating costs against available carbon credit values under the Nigeria Carbon Market and voluntary carbon standards. Findings indicate that the evaluated plants produce CO2 streams sufficiently concentrated and voluminous to merit full-scale CCS feasibility studies, and that Niger Delta formation geology shows promising saline aquifer storage potential warranting detailed characterisation. The economic analysis demonstrates that CCS becomes marginally viable above a carbon credit price of 50 USD per tonne CO2. Recommendations include Nigeria joining the CCS Cost Reduction Taskforce and commissioning a national geological CO2 storage atlas. Keywords: carbon capture, CCS, gas processing, Nigeria, CO2 storage.