Application of Geographic Information Systems for Mapping Malaria Vector Breeding Hotspots in Kogi State, North Central Nigeria

Spatial mapping of mosquito breeding sites using geographic information systems is increasingly recognized as an effective tool for targeting malaria vector control resources in resource-limited health systems. Kogi State, located at the confluence of the Niger and Benue rivers, experiences perennial malaria transmission, yet spatial data on vector breeding distribution remains unavailable to the state's malaria program. This study applies GIS techniques to map malaria vector breeding hotspots across three senatorial districts of Kogi State. Field surveys will collect GPS-referenced breeding site locations and habitat characteristics, which will be integrated with remote sensing land cover data and rainfall datasets in ArcGIS. Larval sampling at identified sites will confirm Anopheles species presence and density. Kernel density estimation will produce hotspot maps identifying priority intervention areas. The resulting maps will be validated against community-level malaria case data from health facility records. This research directly responds to the need of the Kogi State Malaria Elimination Programme for spatially targeted larviciding and indoor residual spraying operations. The GIS outputs will be handed over to the State Primary Health Care Development Agency in a format compatible with their existing health information systems. Keywords: GIS mapping, malaria vectors, breeding hotspots, Kogi State, spatial analysis