Assessment of Compliance with National Food Safety Regulations Among Bakers and Bread Producers in Owerri, Imo State

Bread is one of the most widely consumed processed food products in Nigeria, occupying a central role in the urban breakfast diet. Bakeries in Owerri, the capital of Imo State in South East Nigeria, supply bread to households, schools, hospitals, and retail outlets across the metropolis. This study assessed the level of compliance with national food safety regulations among fifty artisanal and semi-industrial bakeries in Owerri, using a structured compliance audit tool incorporating National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control standards and Standard Organisation of Nigeria specifications for bread. Parameters audited included premises hygiene, personal hygiene of workers, ingredient sourcing and storage, equipment sanitation, product labelling, and certification status. Microbiological analysis of bread samples was also conducted. Results revealed that 56 percent of bakeries operated without valid National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control registration. Personal hygiene violations, including absence of hairnets, hand washing facilities, and food handler medical certificates, were observed in 68 percent of facilities. Microbiological analysis found mould contamination above acceptable limits in 34 percent of sampled bread products, primarily linked to post-baking handling exposure. Premises with documented sanitation schedules demonstrated significantly lower contamination rates. The study recommends immediate registration drives, mandatory baker certification training, and monthly regulatory inspections across all Owerri bakeries. Keywords: food safety compliance, bakery, bread, NAFDAC, Owerri.