Assessment of Cost Management in Educational Infrastructure Projects Under UBEC in the North Central Zone

The Universal Basic Education Commission (UBEC) funds a significant volume of school construction across Nigeria, yet cost management outcomes in UBEC-funded projects are frequently poor. This study assesses cost management in UBEC-funded educational infrastructure projects in the North Central geopolitical zone, covering projects in Benue, Kogi, Plateau, and Niger States. A quantitative survey design was employed, with 92 respondents including quantity surveyors, State Universal Basic Education Board officers, and contractors. Structured questionnaires and project cost records provided data, analysed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance. Findings show that UBEC projects in the North Central zone experience average cost overruns of 21.3%, with variability in overrun rates across states linked to differences in supervision rigour and procurement practices. Inadequate project supervision, frequent contractor default, poor quality bills of quantities, and post-award scope increases are identified as systemic cost management weaknesses. States with dedicated resident quantity surveyors on UBEC projects record lower average cost deviations. Recommendations include mandatory quantity surveying engagement for all UBEC projects, development of a standardised school building elemental cost database for North Central Nigeria, and strengthened UBEC auditing of state implementing agencies. This research provides evidence-based guidance on educational infrastructure cost governance. Keywords: UBEC, educational infrastructure, cost management, North Central, quantity surveying