Assessment of Freshwater Fisheries and Conservation Status of Rivers in Kwara State

Freshwater fisheries and aquatic biodiversity in rivers of Kwara State, within Nigeria's North Central geopolitical zone, face mounting pressure from unsustainable fishing practices, water abstraction, agrochemical runoff, and habitat modification. This study assesses the conservation status of ichthyofaunal diversity and fishing practices in three major rivers, namely the River Niger tributary sections, Moshi, and Oyun rivers, in Kwara State. Fish sampling was conducted using gill nets, cast nets, and electrofishing at 18 stations over six months. Water quality parameters including dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, and nitrate levels were measured simultaneously. A total of 47 fish species from 19 families were recorded, including three species of conservation concern. Fish abundance was significantly lower at sites with evidence of chemical fishing, characterized by the use of agricultural pesticides introduced into the water. Community surveys of 120 fishers documented widespread use of illegal fishing methods, with most respondents citing financial pressure and declining catches as justification. The study recommends the strict enforcement of fisheries laws, promotion of sustainable gear types, and establishment of no-take zones in headwater areas. A state-level freshwater biodiversity strategy is proposed in collaboration with the Kwara State Environmental Protection Agency. These findings provide a current baseline for aquatic conservation planning in the state. Keywords: freshwater fisheries, ichthyofauna, Kwara State, North Central Nigeria, water quality