Bushmeat Hunting Pressure and Species Composition in Delta State Forest Reserves

Bushmeat hunting remains a widespread practice in communities bordering forest reserves in Delta State, within Nigeria's South South geopolitical zone. While bushmeat provides an important dietary and income supplement for rural households, intensive harvesting threatens wildlife populations and disrupts ecosystem dynamics. This study assesses hunting pressure and the composition of bushmeat species harvested in and around three forest reserves in Delta State through a combination of hunter surveys, market monitoring, and camera trapping. A total of 140 active hunters were interviewed, and weekly market monitoring was conducted over three months at four bushmeat markets. Results reveal that grasscutter (greater cane rat), Maxwell's duiker, and various monkey species dominate the bushmeat trade by volume, with pangolins and forest antelopes featuring more frequently in high-value transactions. Most hunters operate within reserve boundaries despite legal prohibitions, citing low enforcement as a primary enabling factor. Camera trap data from the reserves confirm the presence of 21 mammal species, of which 12 are regularly traded. The study recommends the designation of community hunting zones with regulated take limits, training programs for hunters in sustainable harvesting practices, and investment in alternative protein sources including fish farming and poultry. Engagement with Delta State Ministry of Natural Resources is proposed for policy adaptation. Keywords: bushmeat, hunting pressure, Delta State, South South Nigeria, wildlife trade