Haemoglobin Genotype Distribution and Anaemia Prevalence Among Children in Sokoto State

Sickle cell disease and related haemoglobinopathies remain a major public health burden in sub-Saharan Africa, with Nigeria recording the highest burden globally. This study investigates haemoglobin genotype distribution and the prevalence of anaemia among children aged 5 to 15 years attending primary healthcare centres in Sokoto State, North West Nigeria. A cross-sectional design was employed, involving 220 children recruited through systematic random sampling across four local government areas. Haemoglobin genotype was determined using cellulose acetate electrophoresis, and full blood count parameters, including haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, and red cell indices, were measured using an automated haematology analyser. Parental genotype data and family history of sickle cell disease were also collected through structured interviews. Nutritional status was assessed using weight-for-age z-scores. Findings are expected to establish the proportion of children with SS, AS, and SC genotypes and correlate genotype with severity of anaemia. The study also evaluates the awareness of haemoglobin genotype among caregivers in the study area. The results will contribute to regional data for policy planning and pre-marital counselling advocacy in the North West zone. Keywords: haemoglobin genotype, sickle cell disease, anaemia, children, Sokoto State.