Hormonal Dysregulation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Its Metabolic Consequences: A Study of Women in Ibadan, Oyo State

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a prevalent endocrine disorder with complex metabolic consequences that remain incompletely characterised in Nigerian women. This study examined hormonal dysregulation and associated metabolic disturbances in women with polycystic ovary syndrome in Ibadan, Oyo State, South West Nigeria. Using a case-control design, 80 women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome by Rotterdam criteria were compared with 80 healthy cycling women of similar age and body mass index. Hormonal assays included serum luteinising hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone, and anti-Mullerian hormone. Metabolic parameters assessed were fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profile, and blood pressure. The homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance was derived. Multiple logistic regression and ANOVA were applied. Results demonstrated significantly elevated luteinising hormone to follicle-stimulating hormone ratios, testosterone, and anti-Mullerian hormone in polycystic ovary syndrome patients. Insulin resistance was present in 62.5 percent of cases, and dyslipidaemia in 56.3 percent. Anti-Mullerian hormone was positively correlated with metabolic severity. The study contributes to the sparse Nigerian empirical data on polycystic ovary syndrome phenotypes, identifying a predominantly hyperandrogenic and insulin-resistant pattern. Early metabolic screening and hormonal profiling for women with polycystic ovary syndrome attending gynaecological clinics in South West Nigeria are recommended as priority clinical practices. Keywords: polycystic ovary syndrome, hormonal dysregulation, insulin resistance, anti-Mullerian hormone, Ibadan.