Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Status in Smokers and Non-Smokers in Bauchi State

Cigarette smoking is a major contributor to systemic oxidative stress and is associated with a wide range of non-communicable diseases in Nigeria. This study compares markers of lipid peroxidation, specifically malondialdehyde, and antioxidant status including glutathione, vitamin C, and vitamin E levels between smokers and non-smokers in Bauchi State, North East Nigeria. A case-control design was adopted, recruiting 90 male cigarette smokers and 90 age and sex-matched non-smokers from selected communities. Blood samples were collected and processed for biochemical analysis using standard spectrophotometric methods. Smoking history including number of cigarettes smoked per day, duration of smoking, and pack-years was obtained through structured interviews. Lung function parameters were assessed using a portable spirometer. Dietary antioxidant intake was estimated from a food frequency questionnaire. The study tests the hypothesis that habitual cigarette smoking significantly elevates markers of oxidative damage and depletes non-enzymatic antioxidants. Correlation analysis will establish the dose-response relationship between smoking intensity and oxidative stress. Findings will reinforce public health arguments for tobacco control interventions in North East Nigeria. Keywords: lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, cigarette smoking, malondialdehyde, Bauchi State.