Survey of the Types and Causes of Foodborne Diseases Reported in Households in Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, North East Nigeria

Foodborne diseases are a significant public health burden in Nigeria, particularly in conflict-affected regions such as Borno State, where displacement, poor sanitation, and limited food safety infrastructure heighten vulnerability. This study surveyed the types and causes of foodborne diseases reported in households in Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State, North East Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was adopted, with 250 household heads interviewed using structured questionnaires capturing reported illness episodes, suspected food sources, household hygiene practices, and healthcare-seeking behaviour. Data were supplemented with secondary data from local government health records. Analysis involved descriptive statistics and chi-square. Results indicated that diarrhoea, typhoid fever, and food poisoning were the most commonly reported foodborne illnesses. Contaminated water used in food preparation, improper storage of leftover food, and consumption of street food were the most frequently identified risk factors. Households in informal settlements recorded higher illness frequency compared to planned residential areas. Health-seeking behaviour was constrained by proximity to health facilities and out-of-pocket costs. The study recommends targeted hygiene promotion in informal settlements, integrated food and water safety education, and strengthened community health surveillance systems in Maiduguri. Keywords: foodborne diseases, household food safety, Maiduguri, Borno State, hygiene