Wildlife Population Survey of Kainji Lake National Park, Niger State: A Baseline Assessment

This study conducts a systematic wildlife population survey within Kainji Lake National Park in Niger State, located in Nigeria's North Central geopolitical zone. Despite the park's ecological importance as a protected area covering both terrestrial and aquatic habitats, recent literature indicates that baseline wildlife population data remain incomplete, limiting conservation planning efforts. This research adopts transect sampling and point count methods to estimate species richness, abundance, and distribution across the park's major vegetation types. Field surveys were conducted across two seasons to account for seasonal variation in species detectability. Data were collected on mammals, birds, and reptiles, with photographic and track-plate evidence used to supplement direct sightings. Results indicate a moderate diversity index with notable populations of bushbuck, hippo, and various migratory bird species. Anthropogenic pressures, including encroachment and artisanal fishing activities, were found to negatively influence wildlife distribution patterns within the park. The study further identifies key areas requiring urgent conservation intervention and proposes practical monitoring strategies applicable by the park management authority. Findings contribute to updated species inventory records for the park and provide a reference dataset for future longitudinal monitoring. Recommendations are made for community involvement in wildlife protection within the park's buffer zones. Keywords: wildlife survey, Kainji Lake, population assessment, North Central Nigeria, conservation monitoring