Assessment of Hygiene Practices in Food Preparation Among Households in Calabar South Local Government Area, Cross River State

Foodborne illnesses attributable to poor food preparation hygiene remain a significant public health concern in Nigerian households, particularly in densely populated urban communities. This study assessed food preparation hygiene practices among households in Calabar South Local Government Area, Cross River State, South South Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was adopted, with structured questionnaires and observation checklists administered to 180 household food preparers selected through systematic random sampling. Hygiene practices assessed included handwashing behaviour, food storage methods, utensil sanitation, and separation of raw and cooked foods. Data were analysed using frequency counts, percentages, and chi-square statistics. Results revealed that while a large majority of respondents reported washing hands before food preparation, direct observation indicated inconsistency between self-reported and observed practices. Improper food storage was common, with leftover foods often kept at room temperature. Most households lacked dedicated food storage containers, and cross-contamination between raw animal products and ready-to-eat foods was frequently observed. Education level and access to clean water were significant predictors of hygiene practice scores. The study recommends targeted household hygiene education through community health workers and the distribution of low-cost food storage equipment through government social intervention programmes. Keywords: food hygiene, household food preparation, Cross River State, foodborne illness, sanitation