Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status and Dietary Patterns of Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Akure, Ondo State

Adequate nutrition during pregnancy is essential for maternal health and favourable birth outcomes, yet dietary inadequacy among pregnant women in Nigeria is often linked to socioeconomic disparities. This study examined the relationship between socioeconomic status and dietary patterns of pregnant women attending antenatal care in Akure, Ondo State, South West Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed, with 240 pregnant women recruited from four government health facilities. Socioeconomic status was assessed based on household income, educational attainment, and employment status. Dietary patterns were evaluated using a three-day dietary recall and a dietary diversity score. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi-square, and Pearson correlation. Findings revealed that women from lower socioeconomic backgrounds consumed fewer food groups and had significantly lower dietary diversity scores compared to their higher-income counterparts. Protein and micronutrient-rich foods including meat, fish, eggs, and fruits were consistently underconsumed by lower-income women. A significant positive correlation was found between household income and dietary diversity score. Many respondents also reported food cravings and avoidance of nutritious foods based on cultural beliefs. The study recommends targeted food assistance and nutrition counselling integrated into antenatal care services for pregnant women in lower socioeconomic groups. Keywords: socioeconomic status, dietary patterns, pregnant women, antenatal care, Ondo State