Analysis of Food Consumption Patterns and Dietary Adequacy Among Elderly Women in Owerri, Imo State, South East Nigeria

Elderly women represent a nutritionally vulnerable group in Nigeria, facing physiological, social, and economic challenges that constrain dietary adequacy and increase the risk of diet-related chronic diseases. Understanding their food consumption patterns is essential for designing targeted nutrition support strategies. This study analysed food consumption patterns and dietary adequacy among elderly women aged sixty years and above in Owerri, Imo State, South East Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive design was used, with 150 elderly women recruited from community centres and faith-based organisations. A 24-hour dietary recall and food frequency questionnaire were administered, and nutrient intake was compared against the FAO/WHO recommended daily allowances for older adults. Anthropometric measurements were taken, and dietary adequacy scores were calculated. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Results showed that diets were predominantly carbohydrate-based, with protein, calcium, and vitamin D intakes below recommended levels in over 60 percent of respondents. Meal frequency was reduced in participants living alone. Physical activity levels were low, and overweight prevalence was noted among those from higher-income backgrounds. Social support and economic dependence were significant determinants of food access and dietary patterns. The study recommends community-delivered nutrition support programmes specifically targeting older women in Imo State, integrating food access, dietary counselling, and social engagement. Keywords: elderly women, food consumption, dietary adequacy, Owerri, geriatric nutrition