The Role of Confucius Institutes in Promoting Chinese Cultural Diplomacy in Lagos State

Confucius Institutes represent a central pillar of China's global soft power strategy, and their growing presence in Nigerian universities raises important questions about the scope and reception of Chinese cultural diplomacy. This study examines the activities, community reach, and perceived cultural impact of the Confucius Institute at the University of Lagos, focusing on its educational programmes, cultural events, and relationships with Nigerian students and the broader Lagos community. A descriptive case study approach was employed, with data sourced from structured interviews with Confucius Institute staff, UNILAG students, and Lagos-based Chinese expatriates, as well as documentary analysis of annual activity reports from 2019 to 2023. The findings reveal that the Confucius Institute reaches over 2,000 Nigerians annually through Mandarin classes, HSK examination preparation, and cultural events including the Spring Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival celebrations. Community reception is generally positive, with participants valuing the scholarships and cultural exchange opportunities facilitated by the institute. However, a notable minority expressed scepticism about the political motivations underlying its programming. The study concludes that while the UNILAG Confucius Institute successfully introduces Mandarin and Chinese culture to a diverse Lagos audience, its long-term soft power effectiveness depends on perceived reciprocity and academic freedom. Strengthening academic transparency and expanding locally designed programming are identified as priorities for sustained community trust in South West Nigeria.

Keywords: Confucius Institute, cultural diplomacy, University of Lagos, soft power, South West Nigeria