Evaluation of Corneal Topography Patterns in Patients with Keratoconus at National Eye Centre, Kaduna

Keratoconus is a progressive corneal ectasia that alters the shape of the cornea, leading to irregular astigmatism and progressive visual impairment. Corneal topography is the gold standard diagnostic tool for characterizing keratoconus patterns and monitoring disease progression. This study evaluates the corneal topography patterns in patients diagnosed with keratoconus at the National Eye Centre, Kaduna, North West Nigeria. A retrospective descriptive study design will be adopted, reviewing topographic records and clinical files of 150 keratoconus patients managed at the center over a five-year period. Corneal topography parameters to be analyzed include maximum keratometry (Kmax), simulated keratometry values, thinnest corneal point, and I-S value. Patients will be staged using the Amsler-Krumeich classification system. Age, sex, and laterality will also be documented. Data analysis will employ descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The study expects to find a predominance of moderate to advanced keratoconus at initial presentation, reflecting delays in diagnosis. Findings will be used to advocate for earlier topographic screening in high-risk populations, including individuals with a history of atopy or excessive eye rubbing. This study contributes to the optometric literature on keratoconus in Nigeria's North West zone and provides a clinical foundation for contact lens fitting and surgical referral protocols in the management of this condition. Keywords: keratoconus, corneal topography, Kaduna, irregular astigmatism, National Eye Centre