Visual Acuity and Uncorrected Refractive Errors Among Market Women in Onitsha, Anambra State

Market women in Nigeria's commercial centers represent an understudied group in optometric research, despite spending long hours engaged in tasks that demand good near and distance vision. This study examines the prevalence of uncorrected refractive errors and their impact on daily functioning among market women at Upper Iweka Road Market in Onitsha, Anambra State, South East Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive design will be employed, with 280 women aged 18 to 65 years recruited through systematic random sampling. Visual acuity will be tested at distance and near using Snellen and Jaeger charts, followed by pinhole testing to screen for significant refractive errors. A validated questionnaire will assess the impact of visual difficulties on selling activities, personal care, and reading ability. Refraction will be offered to participants with reduced visual acuity, and spectacle prescriptions will be documented. Data will be analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests. The study anticipates that a significant proportion of market women will present with uncorrected hyperopia and presbyopia, particularly those above 40 years. Findings will be shared with market cooperative associations and the Anambra State Primary Healthcare Development Agency to support the development of community-based optometric outreach services. This research contributes to the evidence base for vocational eye health among informal sector women workers in South East Nigeria and reinforces the link between clear vision and economic productivity. Keywords: refractive errors, market women, Onitsha, visual acuity, presbyopia