Effect of Spectacle Correction on Academic Performance of Students with Refractive Errors in Awka, Anambra State

Uncorrected refractive errors are a recognized but modifiable cause of academic underperformance among school-age children. This study evaluates the effect of spectacle correction on the academic performance of students with diagnosed refractive errors in Awka, Anambra State, South East Nigeria. A quasi-experimental pre-test post-test design will be employed, recruiting 200 secondary school students with confirmed refractive errors who have not previously used spectacles. Participants will receive appropriate spectacle prescriptions, and academic performance scores in selected subjects will be obtained from school records at baseline and at six months post-correction. Visual acuity and near visual task performance will also be reassessed at follow-up. A control group of 80 age-matched students without refractive errors will be included for comparison. Paired t-tests and ANCOVA will be used to analyze changes in academic scores and visual function. The study expects to demonstrate statistically significant improvements in both visual function and academic performance following spectacle provision, reinforcing the case for school-based refractive error screening. Findings will be submitted to the Anambra State Ministry of Education to support a statewide school vision screening and spectacle provision program. This research provides compelling evidence for the intersection of optometric care and educational outcomes in Nigeria's South East zone. Keywords: spectacle correction, academic performance, refractive errors, Awka, school children