Ocular Effects of Welding on Artisan Welders in Nnewi Auto Parts Market, Anambra State

Welding generates intense ultraviolet and infrared radiation, as well as flying sparks and metallic particles, all of which pose serious hazards to ocular health. Artisan welders in informal markets typically have limited access to appropriate eye protection. This study examines the ocular effects of welding on artisan welders at the Nnewi Auto Parts Market in Anambra State, South East Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive design will be employed, targeting 200 welders with at least one year of active welding experience. Structured interviews will capture occupational history, use of personal protective equipment including welding shields and goggles, and ocular symptom history. Comprehensive ocular examinations will include visual acuity testing, corneal and conjunctival assessment via slit-lamp, fundoscopy, and contrast sensitivity testing. Data analysis will involve descriptive statistics and logistic regression to identify predictors of ocular complications. The study expects to find high rates of photokeratitis, corneal opacities, and conjunctival disorders among welders who do not consistently use protective eyewear. Findings will be submitted to Nnewi market union leadership and the Anambra State Ministry of Labour to advocate for mandatory eye protection policies and subsidized provision of welding shields. This research addresses a significant gap in occupational optometry evidence in Nigeria's informal industrial sector and advances the case for protective eye care in the South East zone. Keywords: welding, ocular hazards, photokeratitis, artisan welders, Nnewi