Prevalence and Causes of Low Vision Among Adults in Sokoto State

Low vision refers to a level of visual impairment that is not correctable by ordinary spectacles, contact lenses, or medical treatment, yet allows some functional vision. This study examines the prevalence and common causes of low vision among adults attending the eye clinic at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital in Sokoto State, North West Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study will be conducted among 350 adult patients aged 18 years and above who present with visual impairment at the hospital's eye department over a six-month period. Standard definitions from the World Health Organization will guide classification of low vision. Clinical evaluations will include best-corrected visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, visual field testing, and fundoscopic examination. Structured interviews will capture sociodemographic characteristics and history of systemic illness. Data will be analyzed using frequency distributions and chi-square tests to identify significant associations. The study anticipates that cataracts, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy will account for the majority of low vision cases. Findings will be presented to the Sokoto State Ministry of Health to advocate for expanded low vision rehabilitation services and subsidy programs for optical aids. This research contributes to the North West region's evidence base on low vision epidemiology and highlights the need for sustained investment in eye care infrastructure in one of Nigeria's underserved geopolitical zones. Keywords: low vision, prevalence, causes, Sokoto, visual impairment